How does the enforcement mechanism of the ACAA operate?

The enforcement mechanism of the Air Carrier Access Act (ACAA) operates through the Department of Transportation (DOT), which investigates complaints regarding violations of the Act and has the authority to impose penalties on airlines that do not comply with the regulations. This process ensures accountability, allowing individuals with disabilities to formally report grievances related to air travel, such as discrimination or inadequate accommodations.

The DOT’s role is critical because it not only assesses the validity of complaints but also determines appropriate responses, which can include fines or other corrective measures to ensure airlines adhere to the standards set forth under the ACAA. This structured approach is fundamental to enforcing passengers' rights and promoting equitable treatment in air travel, ensuring that airlines fulfill their obligations to accommodate passengers with disabilities properly.

The other approaches, such as imposing fines solely on airlines, rely on a limited scope that does not address the investigatory component necessary for effective enforcement. Additionally, relying only on airline self-reporting could lead to underreporting or neglect of violations, while conducting enforcement without any investigation lacks a systematic method to address complaints effectively. Therefore, the DOT's investigative authority is essential for the ACAA to function appropriately and protect the rights of air travelers with disabilities.